A Year-Round Guide for Home Maintenance

Homeowners know the satisfying, deep pleasure of a house that's in good order—a house where appliances are working, the paint is not chipped, and that dust under the refrigerator is gone (at least temporarily).

A regular home maintenance program will keep your house fresh and clean, help prevent expensive repairs and ensure your house is as safe as possible, For a newbie, it can be a steep learning curve figuring out when to clean which filter, how often you're supposed to clean out a chimney and what, exactly, a sump pump is. Sticking to a year-round home maintenance schedule will break the tasks up and will keep you on track with repairs and upkeep. Since most of the big jobs have to be tackled one, two or four times a year, grouping task by season is a good way to create a maintenance routine.

With every season change or clean filters on the air conditioner or heater unit. Vacuum or dust indoor vents.

Clean and freshen the kitchen garbage disposal using ice cubes or small bits of lemon peel. Running a few small ice cubes through the disposal will knock debris from blades and a few small pieces of citrus peel will keep it smelling fresh. For maximum results, make ice cubes with pure lemon juice and run them though the machine.

Test fire extinguishers to check their pressure and inspect to make sure they're accessible and not broken or missing parts.

Wipe down the washing machine and clean the interior by running an empty load with a cup of bleach, a cup of white vinegar OR laundry detergent. Use the machine's hottest setting.

Test all ground-fault circuit interrupters.

Every spring and fall

Clean and repair roof gutters. Make sure downspouts are in good repair and aiming at least 2 feet away from your home's foundation.

Change smoke detector batteries.

Flush out the water heater. Remove sediment that has collected by opening the drain valve and letting water run until clear.

Wipe down refrigerator inside and out. Clean drawers and shelves with hot soapy water and dry thoroughly. Toss mystery freezer items and expired condiments. Sweep underneath and vacuum condenser coils.

Wash windows and screens.

Check drains and clear of debris. To clean a drain, pour ½ cup of baking soda down the drain, followed by a cup of white vinegar. Let it sit for 15 minutes, then rinse with a pot of boiling water.

Clean faucet aerators and shower heads. To remove mineral deposits from shower heads, detach and submerge them in white vinegar for a few hours.

Clean the inside of the dishwasher with hot soapy water and a scrub brush. Clear the drain bin of debris and rinse it off. Run the machine empty on the hottest setting with a cup of white vinegar on the top rack. (You can also put a pack of unsweetened lemonade mix in the soap cup or sprinkle a cup of baking soda on the over the bottom of the tub and run empty.)

Clean the grills and coils on air conditioning units and clear the surroundings of debris and overgrown plants.

Give your grill a thorough cleaning. Soak the grates in soapy water and scrub with steel wool. Check hoses, hinges, and knobs, and remove rust with a wire brush.

Fall

Take a walk around the exterior of the house and give it a thorough visual inspection. Look for leaks, termite damage, rodent nests, cracks in the foundation and rot. Seal cracks and gaps in siding and around windows. Repair siding where necessary. Touch up paint on exterior and trim.

Power-wash the exterior of the house.

Clear lint from dryer hose. Use a vacuum or long flexible brush.

Clean carpets and have floors re-polished or sealed.

Check electrical cords and make sure they're in good repair.

Check door and window locks, door knobs and handles and cabinet hardware. Tighten, replace or repair as needed.

Check indoor and outdoor air vents and make sure they are not blocked by debris.

Trim back trees and shrubs and make sure they aren't touching the house, roof or gutters.

Spring

Dust blinds and vacuum or wash curtains.

Replace storm windows with screens. Repair damaged screens.

Clean kitchen and bathroom exhaust fans.

Clean light fixtures and ceiling fans.

Inspect your chimney and fireplace, looking for obvious cracks or leaks. Check the chimney cap or spark arrester to make sure it's intact and free of nests or other blockage. Spring is a good time for a professional chimney cleaning because it's off-season. You'll need a cleaning every 2-3 years or after a burning a cord of wood.

Go through kitchen and bathroom cabinets and clear out expired foods, cosmetics and medications.

Check the roof for missing or damaged shingles and worn or exposed areas. Make repairs immediately to avoid messy and expensive damage.

Reseal wooden decking and outdoor furniture with UV-resistant sealer.

Test pressure relief valve on water heater.

Examine your bath and shower areas and re-caulk as needed.

Lubricate garage door springs

If your house has a sump pump, make sure there aren't any leaks and remove any debris. To test to see if it's functioning property, pour about five gallons of water into it and make sure it turns on.

Fireplace and Chimney Maintenance

It’s getting closer to the time of year when there’s a fall chill in the air, and one of the nicest parts about cold weather is sitting by a blazing fire. Most likely, you haven’t used your fireplace since February. It’s unwise to just toss in some wood and a match without any proper maintenance beforehand, so what can you do now to ensure you’re ready for cozy fireside nights when the weather cools?

The average number of annual U.S. home fires caused by fireplace, chimney, and chimney connectors between 2003 and 2005 was 25,100, and the average costs for those fires was $126.1 million, based on the most recent statistics from the Chimney Safety Institute of America (CSIA). That’s roughly $5,024 in damage per home.

Annual chimney maintenance removes flammable creosote, the major cause of chimney fires, and identifies other performance problems. There are basically three levels of inspection. Read on to see which one is a fit for you and your fireplace.

1. Level One: This is a visual check with typically no roof climbing—or dancing to musical numbers a la Mary Poppins—involved. The inspector comes to your house with a flashlight, looks for damage, obstructions, creosote build-up, and soot, and tells you if you need a sweep. If so, he’ll grab his brushes, extension poles, and vacuum, and do it on the spot.

A level one typically runs about $125. Add a sweep, and you’re talking another $80, or about $205 for both services, according to CSIA.

2. Level Two: If you’ve experienced a dramatic weather event, like a tornado, hurricane or earthquake or if you’ve made a major change to your fireplace consider getting this level of inspection. This will include what you got with a level one, plus a visit to the roof, attic, and crawl space in search of disrepair. It concludes with a sweep, if necessary, and information on what repair is needed. The price will depend on the situation.

3. Level Three: This is typically only done after a chimney fire, because it’s practically a demolition. The chimney is torn down to be thoroughly inspected, and then rebuilt. Cost will vary.

In addition to an annual inspection, here are some tips for maintaining the health of your fireplace and chimney:

• Only burn dry, cured wood—logs that have been split, stacked, and dried for eight to 12 months. Cover your log pile on top, but leave the sides open for air flow. Hardwoods such as hickory, white oak, beech, sugar maple, and white ash burn the longest, though dry firewood is more important than the species. Less dense woods like spruce or white pine burn well if sufficiently dry, but you’ll need to add more wood to your fire more often, according to CSIA

• Only burn wood! Crates, lumber, construction scraps, painted wood, or other treated wood releases chemicals into your home, compromising your air quality. Log starters are fine for getting your fire going, but they burn very hot; generally only use one at a time.

• Remember to close your damper when you’re not using the fireplace, and to open it when you are!

• Have a chimney cap installed to prevent objects, rain, and snow from falling into your chimney and to reduce downdrafts. The caps have side vents so smoke escapes. A chimney sweep usually provides and can install a stainless steel cap, which is better than a galvanized metal one available at most home improvement retailers because it won’t rust,

• Replace a poorly sealing damper to prevent heat loss, or get a top-mounted damper that can also function as a rain cap.

• Install carbon monoxide detectors and smoke detectors in your house—near the fireplace as well as in bedrooms.

• Build your fire slowly, adding more wood as it heats and keeping your damper completely open to increase draw in the early stages. Burn the fire hot, at least occasionally—with the damper all the way open to help prevent smoke from lingering in the fireplace and creosote from developing.

• Get your chimney cleaned twice a year, if you burn more than 4 cords of wood annually.

Now, make some hot chocolate, gather a book or guitar, and enjoy the sweet crackle of a fire.