7 Credit Score Myths Even Shrewd Home Buyers Fall For

Forty percent of us think our credit score will climb if we carry a small balance (nope), and 52% don’t realize bad credit can increase the amount needed for deposits on utilities (it does!), according to a NerdWallet survey.

“There are quite a few myths and misinformation about credit scores,” says Ryan Greeley, author of the “Better Credit Blog.” 

“This stuff isn’t taught anywhere, so it’s something you have to dig into yourself.” The worst time to find out you’ve got a going-nowhere credit score is when you’re trying to buy a home.

Unless you have us to dig for you, that is. Here are seven top credit score myths, and the reality behind them.

Myth #1: Always carry a small balance on your credit card.

Reality: The credit score gods want to know two main things: that you pay your bills on time, and that you don’t constantly max out the credit you have.

And yes, one of the items they like to see you pay is your credit card bill — all of it. The only thing a running balance increases is the interest you owe. That’s why Erin Lowry, who writes the “Broke Millennial” blog, believes banks and credit card companies probably perpetuated this myth to boost their profits.

Myth #2: It's OK to pay credit cards a day late if you pay them off in full.

Reality: ”Missing a payment is the biggest way to hit your credit score,” Lowry says. “If you pay a student loan a day late, your score can go down as much as 100 points.” So much for that degree making you smarter.

To maximize your score, always pay your installment loans (like car loans and mortgages) on time and in full. You know, like you’re supposed to. But also note that actual humans work for financial companies; if you need to pay late for a legit reason, call your lender — before the due date — and have a frank conversation. They’ll often help out.

Myth #3: Closing old cards will erase any negative history.

Reality: If it was that easy, we’d all be driving Teslas. Credit-reporting companies keep information on your file for seven years, no matter what.

And actually, the longer you’ve responsibly used a particular credit card, the better effect it has on your credit score. Remember, you’re judged by how much of your credit you’re using. Closing a credit card makes that percentage change for the worse.

Myth #4: If you've never had credit, you have a perfect credit score.

Reality: There’s no reason to save your credit virginity for that special something. If you’ve never used credit, it’s anyone’s guess how well you’ll handle it once you do. Credit reporting agencies call it a “thin file,” meaning there’s not enough information on you to create a credit score. So, if you’re a newbie, get an itty-bitty card or loan, and start fattening up that file.

Myth #5: Checking your credit score frequently will hurt your score.

Reality: How else are you supposed to keep track of the darn thing? It’s true that several “hard” checks by companies can ding your score a few points. Hard checks generally happen when you are actually seeking a loan or line of credit, such as a mortgage or credit card.

If you check your own, it’s called a “soft” check, and it doesn’t hurt your score. So, for Pete’s sake, check your score and credit report at least annually. It’s super easy these days, especially with websites like creditkarma.com, or use a banking app that lets you easily monitor your score. A sudden, unexplained dip could be a sign that identity theft or mistakes are hurting your credit (and keep hard checks to one or two a year).

Myth #6: Paying off a student loan or car loan early will hurt your credit.

Reality: Ah, no. Credit report companies definitely do not punish you for paying off loans early. They might even throw you a parade. (Not really. Put away your princess wave.) While responsibly paying installment loans may be good, paying off those loans is way better.

Myth #7: Your age, sex, and other non-money issues affect your credit score.

Reality: What century is it again? Federal law protects you from credit discrimination based on non-credit issues, like race, color, national origin, or sex. Sure, credit card companies or lenders can ask, but they can’t deny you credit based on your answers. Income, expenses, debts, and credit history are what matters.

Myth #8: My credit score can hurt/help my chances of landing a job.

Reality: Actually, this one is partially true, depending on how fancy your job is. If it requires a security clearance or using a company credit card, an employer will want to know how you use credit, or if you’re in a financial mess that may make you bribe-able, Lowry says. But don’t worry, the employer will ask your permission before pulling your credit report, which is considered a soft pull and won’t hurt your score.

Myths About Credit Scores

Five real estate tasks best done early

While I'm a big proponent of avoiding premature real estate moves, there are a number of tasks that are best done before you think they need to be. These are things that tend to take longer or often turn out to be more complex than people plan for. 

1. Check your credit. 

Everyone knows that you should check your credit, or have your mortgage broker do it, some time before you get ready to start house hunting. What people fail to factor in are the real-life turnaround times on rehabbing your credit in the event there are errors, fraudulent entries, balances you need to bring down, or trade lines (credit accounts) you need to build up in order to qualify for a home loan. 

For the most part, erroneous entries should be removed/removable in relatively short order, but on occasion, something like an account that was truly, but fraudulently, opened by a relative in the borrower's name can take weeks or months to resolve and remove. Many wannabe buyers who consider themselves very responsible, financially, also may be surprised to find that lenders require that they have some demonstrable history of responsibly using credit. In some cases, they will actually need to open and maintain one or more credit accounts in good standing for a short while to qualify.

2. Change your spending habits. 

The most-overlooked benefit of the tight lending guidelines in place during the past few years is that they motivated mortgage applicants to buckle down, get out of debt and be meticulous about their credit. In the process, people actually rehabbed their spending habits and financial behaviors way in advance of buying a home, creating a level of financial discipline that is freeing, enjoyable and stands them in good stead as homeowners over the long term. 

As loan guidelines loosen up a bit, it's still advisable for buyers-to-be to get serious about the whole picture of their finances as soon as they make the decision that they want to buy a home down the road, and clean up their spending, saving, debting, and other money matters.

3. Saving. 

Some buyers save up precisely what they need to put down on a home and pay their closing costs, not realizing that they might actually need to demonstrate several months' worth of payments that will still be in "reserve" in their savings or investment accounts after they close escrow and deplete their cash-to-close savings. 

Also, buyers who start saving late often fail to calculate for the very common tendency buyers have to increase their search price range over time, and for the costs of the fixes and furnishings they'll want when they move in. 

These miscalculations tend to result in buyers trying to get unrealistic deals on the first few homes they like, losing a few before they get real about what can truly be had for their dollar in their market.

4. Apply for tax reassessment. 

Don't forget you can still apply to have your taxes reassessed even though the deadline has already passed for the year. Many who hold off because they missed the deadline actually end up losing track of this to-do list item and forget to come back around to it. If you've missed the deadline to apply to have your home's assessed value reduced for property tax purposes, just apply anyway -- early for next year.

5. Talk to a real estate or mortgage broker. 

Don't delay. Real estate and mortgage brokers are a wealth of information that have the power to take your mental estimations of what will be involved and required to buy or refi or sell into the realm of a reality-based action plan. And they are ecstatic to get calls from prospective clients (that's you) months, even years, in advance, as it makes their job, once it's time to do it, much smoother and simpler. 
Talking to a pro before you think you need to can be an eye-opening course-corrector in terms of understanding things like how much you need to put down, any work you need to do to your credit, what you can expect your home to go for or cost you, and many other expectation-managing, plan-of-action-driving essentials.

Credit Information and the Homebuying Process

For many homebuyers, credit is a big consideration in the buying process. In applying for a mortgage, your credit may be the single factor that opens or closes the door to purchasing the home you want at a low interest rate. You may believe you have a strong credit rating but have never actually seen your credit report. Or perhaps you're concerned that past credit problems will come back to haunt you as you apply for a mortgage

Whichever boat you're in, the first step is the same: Obtain a copy of your credit report for a small fee and review it for accuracy. Credit reports are maintained by three credit reporting agencies: Experian, TransUnion and Equifax. It's a good idea to obtain your credit report from all three agencies, since each may contain different information and you don't know which agency will be supplying your report to your lender.

If there is incorrect or missing information that would improve your credit score, report it to the credit bureau. Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, consumers have the right to review and contest information in their credit reports. Even if your credit report reads exactly like you expected and your credit is in fine shape, going into the mortgage application procedure with peace of mind is worth the nominal fee.

What is credit?

Credit is a record of a person's debts and payment history. Credit bureaus compile individual reports of consumer debt through an array of sources, including credit card companies, banks, the IRS, department stores and gasoline companies, and any other entities granting loans. A credit report is a résumé of your financial performance, with information on your payment standing for all the accounts you've held for the past seven to 10 years (seven years for accounts not paid as agreed and 10 years for accounts paid as agreed).

What is a credit score?

Credit scores, also called "beacon scores," are composites that indicate how likely you are to pay on a loan or credit card as agreed based upon your payment history, amount of debts, length of credit history and types of credit in use. The credit grantor reviewing your loan application compiles your score based on information from your credit report and other data, including your income level.

Fair, Isaac and Company (FICO) developed the mathematical formula for establishing scores. Scores range from 300 (poor) to 850 (excellent), and the rule of thumb is the higher the score, the lower the risk to lenders.

In the past, consumers have not been allowed to view their credit score or be informed of the factors that determined their scores. However, C.A.R.-sponsored SB 1607, signed by California Gov. Gray Davis on Oct. 2, 2000, granted California homebuyers access to their credit scores and pertinent information about what factors determined their scores. The legislation, which becomes effective July 1, 2001, also allows consumers to receive their credit scores when they request copies of their credit files for a nominal fee.

What role does credit play?

Lenders review credit reports to determine debts owed and if they are repaid according to the terms of the initial contract. If you have any outstanding debt, lenders will analyze your debt-to-income ratio and how that debt will factor into your ability to make your mortgage payments.

What do I do when I get my report?

Read through it carefully, paying extra attention to the section on your account payment history.

How do I establish credit?

If you have never taken out a credit card or borrowed money from a financial institution, or if your accounts are young, you can establish credit history by having your rent payments to landlords and monthly payments to utility companies added to your credit report.

How do I re-establish good credit?

If your credit report contains negative information, such as frequent late payments, repossessions, collection activity or bankruptcy, you may want to wait to apply until after you've improved your credit record. Rebuild your credit by showing strong payment history in the years following any problems. Most lenders prefer for three years to have passed since a foreclosure on a mortgage and at least two years since bankruptcy. Lenders are willing to forgive past black marks on a credit report if you establish a pattern of responsible debt repayment.

How do I correct a mistake?

Follow the directions of the credit bureau issuing your report. The bureau will contact the source of the information in question and attempt to resolve the dispute. Also, if late payment information is accurate but you have a good explanation (e.g., you were laid off from work or became very ill), you are allowed to add that information to your report.

Be Wise to These 5 Big Credit Myths

Those “a-ha!” moments. Key takeaways. Life lessons. Whatever you may call them, everyone has them at some point, where we look back and say, “I wish I would have known that sooner! Why didn’t someone tell me?” It often seems like credit and finances are a part of life where realizations come about that way. And there’s no bigger time to think about your credit than when you’re buying a house.

Each person’s financial journey is different—but there are ways to be smart about credit that can be useful to people at many different points in their life. Here are just a few of the most widespread credit myths that persist; knowing the truth about these can help you evaluate your options and stay energized about your finances.

1. Myth: There’s only one credit score

Your credit score is a measure that lenders use to determine your creditworthiness on a scale from low to high. These scores differ in small but important ways according to which credit scoring model is used, and the factors that it considers from within your credit information. Seeing how your scores differ can be an effective way to capture a better sense of your total credit picture at a given time, like when you’re considering a major purchase such as a home.

2. Myth: Checking your credit report can hurt your score

One of the most common misconceptions about your credit score is that by requesting a copy of it, you’ll damage it. When you apply for a new line of credit and a lender looks at your credit report, an inquiry known as a hard inquiry will appear. Having too many of these on your report may indicate that you’re seeking credit from many places and trying to overspend: not a good sign.

But, if you’re looking at your own credit report, the inquiry is known as a soft inquiry, and these have no impact on your credit score. Be confident that examining your own information is a good thing, and your score won’t suffer from your interest in it.

3. Myth: There’s nothing you can do about something bad on your credit report

Your credit report is an accumulation of information about how you use credit. A common misconception is that information on your credit report is permanent—but that’s not true. Items that cause concern, like late payments or accounts in collections, eventually come off your report. Your credit report doesn’t show each transaction since you opened your first credit account (unless that happened in the recent past). Most credit scoring formulas show the most recent, and most relevant information in your report.

If there are things on your report that you don’t recognize, it may be evidence of fraudulent activity. If that’s the case, each credit bureau has a process for reporting the suspicious activity. Checking your report regularly can help you stay on top of any fraudulent activity that criminals may attempt.

4. Myth: You can avoid credit problems by only using cash

Cash is great for many of life’s smaller purchases, but for life’s larger expenses – like a home – you likely won’t be able to pay in cash. Those are the times you’ll need to use credit. To get the best rates from your lender, your credit score will have to be in good shape. Don’t run from your credit problems by trying to avoid using credit altogether. Keeping your credit utilization low and making sure to use credit wisely can show that you’re responsible with your finances. Then, when you’re ready to make a big purchase, your credit score can support your creditworthiness to potential lenders.

5. Myth: If you have bad credit, you will never be approved for a loan

If your credit isn’t at its best, that doesn’t mean that you can’t be approved for a loan you may need now. It could mean that you likely won’t be eligible for the best rates that the lender can offer, however. Having to pay back more in interest on a loan you’re seeking now may be the reminder you need to keep better tabs on your credit score. It’s never too late to start learning about how to take care of your credit for the future. In the long run, it may be able to save you money—your future self will thank you!

How to improve your credit score

These fixes will help you get better rates

A credit score tells lenders whether you're a safe bet when it comes to trusting you with credit. The number is an indicator of whether you pay bills on time and whether you have outstanding debt, so it helps lenders determine whether you qualify for a mortgage, credit card or loan, and for how much. We'll show you how to obtain your score and improve it so that you can get the best possible rates.

How your credit score is calculated

You actually have three credit scores, one for each of the three credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. Each score is based on that particular bureau's information about your financial history, and as that info changes, so does your score.

Credit scores are also called FICO scores, because the scores are usually generated by software developed by Fair Isaac and Company. FICO scores have different names at each of the three credit bureaus, but they're developed using the same method.

Credit scores are calculated with information from five categories:

• Payment history (35 percent). If you've paid bills late, had an account in collection or declared bankruptcy, your credit score has taken a serious hit. Recent problems have greater impact than older ones.
• Amounts owed (30 percent). This area accounts for how much debt you have, what kinds and how close you are to your credit limit.
• Length of credit history (15 percent). Older accounts improve your score, because they indicate that you've been able to maintain good standing.
• New credit (10 percent). Opening a number of new accounts in a short time frame may decrease your score.
• Types of credit used (10 percent). Having a few different types of accounts (credit cards, retail accounts, installment loans, mortgages) has a positive affect on your score.

What's a good score, anyway?

Credit scores range from 300 to 850, and any score above 720 is considered a good score. If you have a score of 740 or higher, you will qualify for the best rates. On the other hand, if your score is 619 or lower, you will have a difficult time getting a loan or credit card, and if your score is below 559, it is unlikely that you will qualify for a loan.

Scores can vary from agency to agency, based on whether the information they have collected about you is complete and accurate. If there are varying scores, a lender will usually go by the middle score.

How do I find out what my credit score is?

Once every 12 months, you are eligible for a free copy of your credit report from each of the three national consumer reporting agencies. These reports show whether you pay your bills on time, have filed for bankruptcy and even whether you have been sued or arrested.

While you're entitled to free credit reports, you'll have to pay to find out your credit score. You can order your score from each of the three reporting agencies' websites.

To bump up your FICO score, try these tips:

• Dispute incorrect information in your credit report. If you find errors, complete the dispute form included with your report or write a letter to the reporting agency. In your report, identify the mistakes and clearly state why they are incorrect. Send photocopies of your report with the mistakes circled, and include copies of documents that support your argument.
• Pay your bills on time. Delinquent payments make a big dent in your score, so do whatever it takes to make sure that you pay your bills on time. Set up automatic debits and payment reminders so that you don't miss another due date.
• Minimize your debt. Pay off your debt as quickly as you can. Keep balances on credit cards as low as possible and pay off the debt, rather than transferring balances from card to card.
• Settle any debt in collections. Contact the collectors to negotiate a pay-off settlement. Make sure you receive the collector's agreement in writing before you send in any payment.
• Recognize that negative information will stay on your report for a while. Most negative information, if it is accurate, stays on your report for seven years. The exception to this rule is bankruptcy, which remains for 10 years.

www.mvprealestategroup.com